INTERNAL DISEASES (INTERNAL):

Internal medicine deals with all health problems (other than surgical procedures) of the adult patient group. In the department of internal medicine, it is the primary application and solution center for all problems from febrile diseases to metabolic diseases, from kidney diseases to liver diseases, from gastrointestinal diseases to muscle diseases. The first examination of the patients and the necessary analysis and examinations, as well as the treatment, consultation, pre-operative preparations, and other necessary interventions of the inpatients, are treated by the internal medicine department. Ramotology and Gastroenterology services are also provided.

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The diseases included in the internal medicine department are as follows:

• Outpatient and polyclinic services
• Joint and immune system diseases
• Stomach, intestine, and liver diseases
• Anemia, iron deficiency anemia, etc.
• Infectious diseases
• Respiratory diseases
• Kidney and urinary tract diseases
• Hormonal diseases
• Hypertension
• Diabetes (diabetes)
• Thyroid diseases (Goiter)
• Medical Oncology

Applications made:

• Vaccinations
• Blood pressure control
• Cholesterol control
• Diabetes screening
• Cardiovascular disease screening
• PPD (Tuberculosis test)
• Thyroid dysfunction screening
• Osteoporosis screening
• Obesity screening
• Hepatitis screening in the risk group
• HIV testing in the risk group
• Cancer screening in risky patient groups

Respiratory Tract Infections: are divided into two groups lower and upper respiratory tract diseases. In lower respiratory tract diseases, organs such as lungs, bronchi, and bronchioles are mostly affected. For this reason, in more serious cases, internal medicine, ENT, and chest diseases specialists treat the diseases in this region together.

Infectious Diseases: Apart from upper and lower respiratory tract infections, there is a risk of infection in many different regions. Among these, the most complained infections are diseases such as urinary tract, skin, diarrhea, hepatitis types, types of parasitic diseases, brucellosis, influenza and sexually transmitted diseases, and joint, and bone inflammation. Since these types of diseases are contagious, isolation is of great importance in the inpatient treatment process. Depending on the type and characteristics of the disease, a common treatment protocol is carried out only with internal medicine or other relevant units.

Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases: In this section, endocrine system physiology and thyroid diseases, diabetes, obesity, lipids, osteoporosis, adrenal gland diseases, reproductive endocrinology, pituitary diseases, and hormonal autoimmune diseases are followed.

-Diabetes: Diabetic patients called Type 1 and Type 2 are treated in internal medicine clinics. Diabetes occurs when insulin hormone is not secreted adequately or when glucose cannot be used by tissues. It is aimed to keep the insulin level at a certain level with effective treatment methods such as insulin therapy and antidiabetic agents. In addition to drug therapy, medical diet is of great importance in terms of increasing the course of the disease and the quality of life.

-Thyroid Diseases: The thyroid is one of the organs that determine the metabolic rate of the body and may cause some thyroid diseases to occur. Insufficient or excessive functioning of the thyroid gland, thyroid cancers, and some autoimmune diseases adversely affect the hormonal balance of the body. Thyroid diseases are treated in internal medicine and endocrinology clinics.

-Cholesterol: High blood lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides develop due to an unhealthy diet or hereditary reasons. It is important to keep the cholesterol level in balance for healthy body functioning. To prevent and/or treat cholesterol it is important to pay great attention to nutrition, stay away from harmful fats and good nutrient makes the treatment process easier. Liver, Stomach, and Gallbladder Diseases (Gastroenterology): Damage and dysfunctions in the digestive system organs are also treated by the internal diseases department. Especially fatty liver, cysts, hepatitis types, cirrhosis, stomach ulcers, gastric hernias, gastritis and reflux, formation of stones and sand in the gallbladder, and inflammations are important diseases treated by internal medicine specialists.

Lung Diseases (Chest Diseases): Diseases such as Asthma, COPD, Lung cancer, Acute bronchitis, Respiratory failures, Pleural diseases, Tuberculosis, Diffuse interstitial lung diseases, Pneumonia, lower and upper respiratory tract infections, and fluid accumulation in the pleura are treated by Chest Diseases specialists. Minor problems that are noticed at the initial stage are kept under observation by internal medicine specialists, but diseases that require detailed examination and treatment at a more advanced stage are followed up by referring them to the chest diseases department. The medical procedures in this section are bronchoscopy, respiratory function tests, skin allergy tests, and lung tomography.

Kidney Diseases (Nephrology): Diagnosis and treatment services are provided to patients with kidney diseases in the Nephrology department. This section includes nephrology consultations and a hypertension clinic. Diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, interventions for patients with hypertension, preeclampsia, and kidney biopsies are performed in the services. Hemodialysis and CVVH (continuous venovenous hemofiltration) therapies are applied when necessary. Kidney problems are one of the most common complaints referred to the internal medicine department. Kidney inflammations, stone and sand formations, cysts, and acute, and chronic kidney failure are disorders that need to be treated urgently.

-Hypertension: The heart carries the blood it pumps to all the organs of the body through the veins. The pressure exerted by the pumped blood on the vessel walls is called blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure in an adult is 120 mmHg. Diastolic blood pressure should be below 80 mmHg. Blood pressure above these values causes a serious disease called hypertension. Hypertension is a disease that should be taken seriously, and when necessary treatment and preventive measures are not undertaken, it can damage many important organs such as vascular damage, kidney failure, and brain damage.

Hematology (Anemia and Blood Diseases): Diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma, leukemias, and coagulation disorders along with diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling in hemoglobinopathies in the area of interest of this department. Diseases such as anemia, which is caused by the deficiency of some important values in the blood, are seen in different forms such as blood coagulation disorders. The decrease in hemoglobin, iron, and hematocrit levels in the blood due to nutrition, and insufficient intake of elements such as iron, B12, and folic acid into the body cause various blood diseases. Blood diseases, which are controlled and treated with drug treatments, are sometimes treated together with Hematology specialists.

Rheumatic Diseases ( Rheumatology ): Soft tissue rheumatism, fibromyalgia, calcification, various joint pains, inflammatory rheumatism, gout, and Behçet’s syndrome, low back, and neck pain are among these types of diseases. The treatment of the disease is a long process, so this section aims to make the patient’s quality of life more comfortable. Complaints such as pain and calcification occurring in different parts of the body are followed and treated by internal diseases. Bone resorption, which occurs after menopause and at advanced ages, is also followed by internal medicine and rheumatology specialists.

Obesity: Obesity is an excessive increase in the ratio of body fat mass to lean mass. In short, obesity is when people are overweight for their height. Obesity rates are increasing day by day. Obesity often results in a reduced quality of life and therefore is an important disease; In calculating obesity, the Body Mass Index (BMI) value, is calculated by dividing your weight by the square of your height (kg/m²), is used and is based on the reference range of the World Health Organization. According to the results of the body mass index, over 30 are obese, over 40 are morbidly obese, and over 50 are super obese.

When you divide your weight by the square of your height (kg / m²), the result indicates whether you are overweight or obese.

• Under 18.5 kg / m.: Poor
• 18.5 – 24.9 kg / m. among: Normal weight
• 25 – 29, 9 kg / m. are among: Overweight
• 30 – 39, 9 kg / m. among: Obese
• Those over 40 kg / m2: It is seen as extremely obese (morbidly obese).

In men, if the waist circumference exceeds 94 cm, it is seen as an increased risk, and if it exceeds 102 cm, it is seen as a high risk. If this ratio exceeds 80 cm in women, it is accepted as an increased risk, if it exceeds 88 cm, it is considered a high risk.